国际咨询工程师联合会（Fédération lnternationale Des lngénieurs Conseils，法文缩写FIDIC），中文音译为“菲迪克”；其英文名称是International Federation of Consulting Engineers；指国际咨询工程师联合会这一独立的国际组织；于1913年由欧洲3国（比利时、法国和瑞士）独立的咨询工程师协会在比利时根特成立。FIDIC是国际上最有权威的被世界银行认可的咨询工程师组织。

1 General Provisions 一般规定 1.1 Definitions 定义 In the Conditions of Contract (“these Conditions ”), which include Particular Conditions and these General Conditions, the following words and expressions shall have the meaning stated. Words indicating persons or parties include corporation and other legal entities, except where the context requires otherwise. 在合同条件（“本条件”），包括专用条件和通用条件中，下列词语和措辞应具有以下所述的含义 .除上 下文另有要求外，文中人员或当事各方等词语包括公司和其他合法实体 . 1.1.1 The Contract 合同 1.1.1.1 “Contract ” means the Contract Agreement, these Conditions, the Employer ’s Requirement, the Tender, and further document (if any) which are listed in the Contract Agreement. “合同 ”系指合同协议书、本条件、雇主要求、投标书和合同协议书列出的其他文件（如果有） 。1.1.1.2 “Contract Agreement ”means the contract agreement referred to in Sub-Clause 1.6 [Contract Agreement], including any annexed memoranda. “合同协议书 ”系指第 1.6 款[合同协议书 ]中所述的合同协议书及所附各项备忘录 。1.1.1.3 “Employer ’s requirements ”means the document entitled employer ’s requirements, as included in the Contract, and any additions and modifications to such document in accordance with the Contract. Such document specifies the purpose, scope, and/or design and/or other technical criteria, for the Works. “雇主要求 ”系指合同中包括的，题为雇主要求的文件，其中列明工程的目标、范围、和（或）设计 和（或）其他技术标准，以及按合同对此项文件所作的任何补充和修改。1.1.1.4 “Tender ” means the Contractor ’s signed offer for the Works and all other documents which the Contractor submitted therewith (other than these Conditions and Employer ’s Requirements, if so submitted), as included in the Contract. “投标书 ”系指包含在合同中的由承包商提交的为完成工程签署的报价，以及随同提交的所有其他文 件（本条件和雇主要求除外，如同时提交）。1.1.1.5 “Performance Guarantees ” and “Schedule of payments ” mean the documents so named (if any), as included in the Contract. “履约保证 ”和“付款计划表”系指合同中包括的具有上述名称的文件（如果有）。

1.1.2 Parties and Persons

1.1.2   各方和人员

1.1.2.1 “Party” means the Employer or the Contractor, as the context requires.

“当事方（或一方）”根据上下文需要，或指雇主，或指承包商。1.1.2.1 “Employer” means the person named as employer in the Contract Agreement and the legal successors in title to this person.“雇主”系指在合同协议书中被称为雇主的当事人及其财产所有权的合法继承人。1.1.2.3 “Contractor” means the person(s) named as contractor in the Contract Agreement and the legal successors in title to this person(s).“承包商”系指合同协议书中被称为承包商的当事人及其财产所有权的合法继承人。1.1.2.4 “Employer’s Representative” means the person named by the Employer in the Contract or appointed from time to time by the Employer under Sub-Clause 3.1 [ the Employer’s Representative], who acts on behalf of the Employer.“雇主代表”系指由雇主在合同中指名的人员，或有时由雇主根据第3.1款［雇主代表的人员］的规定任命为其代表的人员。1.1.2.5 “Contractor’s Representative” means the person named by the Contractor in the Contract or appointed from time to time by the Contractor Sub-Clause 4.3 [the Contractor’s Representative], who acts on behalf of the Contractor.“承包商代表”系指由承包商在合同中指名的人员，或有时由承包商根据第4.3款[承包商代表]的规定任命为其代表的人员。1.1.2.6 “Employer’s Personnel” means the Employer’s Representative, the assistants referred to in Sub-Clause 3.2 [Other Employer’s Personnel] and all other staff, labour and other employees of the Employer and of the Employer’s Representative; and any other personnel notified to the Contractor, by the Employer or the Employer’s Representative, as Employer’s Personnel.“雇主人员”系指雇主代表、第3.2款[其他雇主人员]中提到的助手、以及雇主和雇主代表的所有其他职员、工人和其他雇员，以及雇主或雇主代表通知承包商作为雇主人员的任何其他人员。1.1.2.7 “Contractor’s Personnel” means the Contractor’s Representative and all personnel whom the Contractor utilizes on Site, who may include the staff, labour and other employees of the Contractor and of each Subcontractor, and any other personnel assisting the Contractor in the execution of the works.“承包商人员”系指承包商代表和承包商在现场聘用的所有人员，包括承包商和每个分包商的职员、工人和其他雇员，以及所有其他帮助承包商实施工程的人员。1.1.2.8 “Subcontractor” means any person named in the Contract as a subcontractor, or any person appointed as a subcontractor, for a part of the Works; and the legal successors in title to each of these persons.“分包商”系指为完成部分工程，在合同中指名为分包商、或被任命为分包商的任何人员，以及这些人员财产所有权的合法继承人。1.1.2.9 “DAB” means the person or three persons so named in the Contract, or other person(s) appointed under Sub-Clause 20.2 [Appointment of the Dispute Adjudication Board] or Sub-Clause 20.3 [Failure to Agree Dispute Adjudication Board].“DAB（争端裁决委员会）”系指在合同中如此指名的一名或三名人员，或根据第20.2款[争端裁决委员会的任命]或第20.3款[对争端裁决委员会未能取得一致]的规定任命的其他人员。1.1.2.10 “FIDIC” means the Federation International des Ingenieurs-Conseils, the international federation of consulting engineers.“菲迪克（FIDIC）”系指国际咨询工程师联合会。

1.1.3 Dates ,Test, Periods and Completion

1.1.3   日期、试验、期限和竣工

1.1.3.1 “Base Date” means the date 28 days prior to the latest date for submission of the Tender.

“基准日期”系指递交投标书截止前28天的日期。1.1.3.2 “Commencement Date” means the date notified under Sub-Clause 8.1 [Commencement of Works], unless otherwise defined in the Contract Agreement.“开工日期”系指根据第8.1款[工程的开工]的规定通知的日期，合同协议书中另有规定的除外。1.1.3.3 “Time for Completion” means the time for completing the Works or a Section (as the case may be) under Sub-Clause 8.2 [Time for Completion], as stated in the Particular Conditions (with any extension under Sub-Clause 8.4 [Execution of Time for Completion]), calculated from the Commencement Date.“竣工时间”系指专用条件中规定的，自开工日期算起，至工程或某分项工程（视情况而定）根据第8.2款[竣工时间]规定的要求竣工（连同根据第8.4款[竣工时间的延长]的规定提出的任何延长期）的全部时间。1.1.3.4 “Tests on Completion” means the tests which are specified in the Contract or agreed by both Parties or instructed as a Variation, and which are carried out under Clause 9 [Tests on Completion] before the works or a Section (as the case may be) are taken over by the Employer.“竣工试验”系指在合同中规定或双方商定的，或按指示作为一项变更的，在工程或某分项工程（视情况而定）被雇主接收前，根据第9条[竣工试验]的要求，进行的试验。1.1.3.5 “Taking-Over Certificate” means a certificate issued under Clause 10 [Employer’s Taking Over].“接收证书”系指根据第10条[雇主接收]的规定颁发的证书。1.1.3.6 “Tests after Completion” means the tests (if any) are specified in the Contract and which are carried out under Clause 12 [Tests after Completion] after the works or a Section (as the case may be) are taken over by the Employer.“竣工后试验”系指在合同中规定的，在工程或某分项工程（视情况而定）被雇主接收后，根据第12条[竣工后试验]的要求，进行的试验（如果有）。1.1.3.7 “Defects Notification Period” means the period for notifying defects in the Works or a Section (as the case may be) under Sub-Clause 11.1 [Completion of Understanding Works and Remedying Defects], as stated in the Particular Conditions (with any extension under Sub-Clause 11.3 [Extension of Defects Notification Period]), calculated from the date on which the Works or Section is competed as certified under Sub-Clause 10.1 [Taking Over of the Works and Sections]. If no such period is stated in the Particular Conditions, the period shall be one year.“缺陷通知期限”系指专用条件中规定的，自工程或某分项工程（视情况而定）根据第10.1款[工程和分项工程的接收]的规定证明的竣工日期算起，至根据第11.1款[完成扫尾工作和修补缺陷]的规定通知工程或分项工程存在缺陷的期限（连同根据第11.3款[缺陷通知期限的延长]的规定提出的任何延长期）。如果专用条件中没有提出这一期限，该期限应为一年。1.1.3.8 “Performance Certificate” means the certificate issued under Sub-Clause 11.9 [Performance Certificate].“履约证书”系指根据第11.9款[履约证书]的规定颁发的证书。1.1.3.9 “day” means a calendar day and “year” means 365 days.“日（天）”系指一个日历日，“年”系指365天。

1.1.4 Money and Payments

1.1.4 款项与付款

1.1.4.1 “Contract Price” means the agreed amount stated in the Contract Agreement for the design, execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects, and includes adjustment (if any) in accordance with the contract.“合同价格”系指在合同协议书中写明的、经商定的工程设计、施工、竣工和缺陷修补的款额，包括以及按照合同做出的调整（如果有）。1.1.4.2 “Cost” means all expenditure reasonably incurred (or to be incurred) by the Contractor, whether on or off the Site, including overhead and similar charges, but does not include profit.“成本（费用）”系指承包商在现场内外所发生（或将发生）的所有合理开支，包括管理费用及类似的支出，但不包括利润。1.1.4.3 “Final Statement” means the statement defined in Sub-Clause 14.11[Application for Final Payment].“最终报表”系指第14.11款[最终付款的申请]规定的报表。1.1.4.4 “Foreign Currency” means a currency in which part (or all) of the Contract Price is payable, but not the Local Currency.“外币”系指可用于支付合同价格中部分（或全部）款项的当地货币以外的某种货币。1.1.4.5 “Local Currency” means the currency of the Country.“当地货币”系指工程所在国的货币。1.1.4.6 “Provisional Sum” means a sum (if any) which is specified in the Contract as a provisional sum, for the execution of any part of the Works or for the supply of Plant, Material or services under Sub-Clause 13.5 [Provisional Sums].“暂列金额”系指合同中规定作为暂列金额的一笔款额（如果有），根据第13.5款[暂列金额]的规定，用于工程某一部分的实施，或用于提供生产设备、材料或服务。1.1.4.7 “Retention Money” means the accumulated retention moneys which the Employer retains under Sub-Clause 14.3 [Application for Interim Payments] and pays under Sub-Clause 14.9 [Payment of Retention Money].“保留金”系指雇主根据第14.3款[期中付款的申请]的规定扣留的保留金累计金额，根据第14.9款[保留金的支付]的规定进行支付。1.1.4.8 “Statement” means a statement submitted by the Contractor as part of an application for payment under Clause 14 [Contract Price and Payment].“报表”系指承包商根据第14条[合同价格和付款]的规定提交的作为付款申请的组成部分的报表。

1.1.5 Works and Goods

1.1.5   工程和货物

1.1.5.1 “Contractor’s Equipment” means all apparatus, machinery, vehicles and other things required for the execution and completion of the Works and remedying of any defects. However, Contractor’s Equipment excludes Temporary Works, Employer’s Equipment (if any), Plant, Materials and any other things intended to form or forming part of the Permanent Works.

“承包商设备”系指为实施和完成工程、以及修补任何缺陷需要的所有仪器、机械、车辆和其他物品。但承包商设备不包括临时工程、雇主设备（如果有）、以及拟构成或正构成永久工程一部分的生产设备、材料和其他任何物品。

1.1.5.2 “Goods” means Contractor’s Equipment, Materials, Plant and Temporary Works, or any of them as appropriate.

“货物”系指承包商设备、材料、生产设备和临时工程，或视情况其中任何一种。

1.1.5.3 “Materials” means things of all kinds (other than Plant) intended to form or forming part of the Permanent Works, including the supply-only materials (if any) to be supplied by the Contractor under the Contract.

“材料”系指拟构成或正构成永久工程一部分的各类物品（生产设备除外），包括根据合同要由承包商供应的只供材料（如果有）。

1.1.5.4 “Permanent Works” means the permanent works to be designed and executed by the Contractor under the Contract.

“永久工程”系指根据合同承包商要进行设计和施工的永久性工程。

1.1.5.5 “Plant “means the apparatus, machinery and vehicles intended to form or forming part of the Permanent Works.

“生产设备”系指拟构成或正构成永久工程一部分的仪器、机械和车辆。

1.1.5.6 “Section” means a part of the Works specified in the Particular Conditions as a Section (if any).

“分项工程”系指在专用条件中确定为分项工程（如果有）的工程组成部分。

1.1.5.7 “Temporary Works” means all temporary works of every kind (other than Contractor’s Equipment) required on Site for the execution and completion of the Permanent Works and the remedying of any defects.

“临时工程”系指为实施和完成永久工程及修补任何缺陷，在现场所需的所有各类临时性工程（承包商设备除外）。

1.1.5.8 “Works” means the Permanent Works and the Temporary Works, or either of them as appropriate.

“工程”系指永久工程和临时工程，或视情况指二者之一。

1.1.6 Other Definitions

1.1.6   其他定义

1.1.6.1 “Contractor’s Documents” means the calculations, computer programs and other software, drawings, manuals, models and other documents of a technical nature supplied by the Contractor under the Contract; as described in Sub-Clause 5.2 [Contractor’s Documents].

“承包商文件”系指第5.2条款[承包商文件]中所述的，承包商根据合同应提交的所有计算书、 计算机程序和其他软件、图纸、手册、模型、以及其他技术性文件。

1.1.6.2 “Country” means the country in which the Site (or most of it) is located, where the Permanent Works are to be executed.

“工程所在国”系指实施永久工程的现场（或其大部分）所在的国家。

1.1.6.3 “Employer’s Equipment” means the apparatus, machinery and vehicles (if any) made available by the Employer for the use of the Contractor in the execution of the Works, as stated in the Employer’s Requirements; but does not include Plant which has not been taken over by the Employer.

“雇主设备”系指雇主要求中所述的，由雇主提供的供承包商在实施工程中使用的仪器、机械和车辆（如果有），但不包括尚未经雇主接收的生产设备。

1.1.6.4 “Fore Majeure” is defined in Clause 19 [Fore Majeure].

“不可抗力”见第19条[不可抗力]的定义。

1.1.6.5 “Laws” means all national (or state) legislation, statutes, ordinances and other laws, and regulations and by-laws of any legally constituted public authority.

“法律”系指所有全国性（或洲的）法律、条例、法令和其他法律，以及任何合法建立的公共当局制定的规则和细则等。

1.1.1.6 “Performance Security” means the security (or securities, if any) under Sub-Clause 4.2 [Performance Security].

“履约担保”系指根据第4.2款[履约担保]规定的担保（或各项担保，如果有）。

1.1.6.7 “Site” means the places where the Permanent Works are to be executed and to which Plant and Materials are to be delivered, and any other places as may be specified in the Contract as forming part of the Site.

“现场“系指将实施永久工程和运送生产设备与材料到达的地点，以及合同中可能指定为现场组成部分的任何其他场所。

1.1.6.8 “Variation” means any change to the Employer’s Requirements or the Works, which is instructed or approved as a variation under Clause 13 [Variation and Adjustment].

“变更”系指按照第13条[变更和调整]的规定，经指示或批准作为变更的，对雇主要求或工程所做的任何更改。

1.2 Interpretation

1.2 解释

In the Contract, except where the context requires otherwise:

在合同中，除上下文另有需要外：

（a） Words indicating one gender include all genders;

表示某一性别的词，包括所有性别；

（b） Words indicating the singular also include the plural and words indicating the plural and words indicating the plural also include the singular.

单数形式的词也包括复数含义，反之亦然；

（c） Provisions including the word “agree”, ”agreed” or “agreement” require the agreement to be recorded in writing, and

包括“同意（商定）”、“已达成（取得）一致”、或“协议”等词的各项规定都要求用书面记载；

（d）“written” or “in writing” means hand-written, type-written, printed or electronically made, and resulting in a permanent record.

“书面”或“用书面”系指手写、打字、印刷、或电子制作，并形成永久性记录。

The marginal words and other headings shall not be taken into consideration in the interpretation of these Conditions.

旁注和其他标题在本条件的解释中不应考虑。

1.3 Communications

1.3 通信交流

Wherever these Conditions provide for the giving or issuing of approvals, certificates, consents, determinations, notices and requests, these communications shall be:

本条件不论在何种场合规定给予或颁发批准、证明、同意、确定、通知和请求时，这些通信信息都应：

（a） in writing and delivered by hand(against receipt), sent by mail or courier, or transmitted using any of agreed systems of electronic transmission as stated in the Particular Conditions; and

采用书面形式，由人面交（取得对方收据），通过邮寄或信差传送，或用专用条件中提出的任何商定的电子传输方式发送；

（b） delivered, sent or transmitted to the address for the recipient’s communications as stated in the Contract. However:

交付、传送或传输到合同中注明的接收人的地址。但

（i） if the recipient gives notice of another address, communications shall thereafter be delivered accordingly; and

如接收人通知了另外地址时，随后通信信息应按新址发送；

（ii） if the recipient has not stated otherwise when requesting an approval or consent, it may be sent to the address from which the request was issued.

如接收人在请求批准、同意时没有另外说明，可按请求发出的地址发送。

Approval, certificates, consents and determinations shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed.

批准、证明、同意和确定不得无故被扣压或拖延。

1.4 Law and Language

1.4 法律和语言

The Contract shall be governed by the law of the country (or other jurisdiction) stated in the Particular Conditions.

合同应受专用条件中所述国家（或其他司法管辖区）的法律管辖。

If there are versions of any part of the Contract which are written in more than one language, the version which is in the ruling language stated in the Particular Conditions shall prevail.

当合同任何部分的文本采用一种以上语言编写时，应以专用条件中指定的主导语言文本为准。

The language for communications shall be that stated in the Particular Conditions. If no language is stated there, the language for communications shall be the language in which the Contract (or most of it) is written.

通讯交流应使用专用条件中指定的语言，如未指定，应使用合同（或其大部分）编写用的语言。

1.5 Priority of Document

1.5 文件优先次序

The documents forming the Contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another. For the purposes of interpretation, the priority of the documents shall be in accordance with the following sequence:

构成合同的文件要认为是互相说明的。为了解释的目的，文件的优先次序如下：

（a） the Contract Agreement;合同协议书，

（b） the Particular Conditions;专用条件，

（c） these General Conditions;本通用条件，

（d） the Employer’s Requirements;雇主要求，

（e） the Tender and other documents forming part of the Contract .投标书和构成合同组成部分的其他文件。

1.6 Contract Agreement

1.6 合同协议书

The Contract shall come into full force and effect on the date stated in the Contract Agreement. The costs of stamp duties and similar charges (if any) imposed by law in connection with entry into the Contract Agreement shall be borne by the Employer.

合同自合同协议书规定的日期起全面实施和生效。为签订合同协议书，依法征收的印花税和类似的费用（如果有）应由雇主承担。

1.7 Assignment

1.7 权益转让

Neither Party shall assign the whole or any part of the Contract or any benefit or interest in or under the Contract. However, either Party:

任一方都不应将合同的全部或任何部分，或合同中或根据合同所具有的任何利益或权益转让他人。但任一方：

（a） may assign the whole or any part with the prior agreement ofthe other Party, at the sole discretion of such other Party, and

在另一方完全自主决定的情况下，事先征得其同意后，可以将全部或部分转让；

（b） may, as security in favor of a bank or financial institution, assign its right to any moneys due, or to become due, under the Contract.

可以作为以银行或金融机构为受款人的担保，转让其根据合同规定的任何到期或将到期应得款项的权利。

1.8 Care and Supply of Document

1.8 文件的照管和提供

Each of the Contractor’s Documents shall be in the custody and care of the Contractor, unless and until taken over by the Employer. Unless otherwise stated in the Contract, the Contractor shall supply to the Employer six copies of each of the Contractor’s Documents.

每份承包商文件都应由承包商保存和照管，除非并直到被雇主接收为止。除非合同中另有规定，承包商应向雇主提供承包商文件一式六份。

The Contractor shall keep, on the Site, a copy of the Contract, publications named in the Employer’s requirements, the Contractor’s Documents, and Variations and other communications given under the Contract. The Employer’s Personnel shall have the right of access to all these documents at all reasonable times.

承包商应在现场保存一份合同、雇主要求、承包商文件、变更、以及根据合同发出的其他往来文书。雇主人员有权在所有合理的时间使用所有这些文件。

If a Party becomes aware of an error or defect of a technical nature in a document which was prepared for use in executing the Works, the Party shall promptly give notice to the other Party of such error or defect.

如果一方发现为实施工程准备的文件中有技术性错误或缺陷，应立即将该错误或缺陷通知另一方。

1.9 Confidentiality

1.9 保密性

Both Parties shall treat the details of the Contract as private and confidential, except to the extent necessary to carry out obligations under it or to comply with applicable Laws. The Contractor shall not publish, permit to be punished, or disclose any particulars of the Works in any trade or technical paper or elsewhere without the previous agreement of the Employer.除了根据合同履行义务和遵守适用法律的需要以外，双方应将合同的详情视为私人的和秘密的。没有雇主事先同意，承包商不得在任何商业或技术论文或其他场合发表或允许发表、或透漏工程的任何细节。

1.10 Employer’s Use of Contractor’s Documents

1.10 雇主使用承包商文件

As between the Parties, the Contractor shall retain the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Contractor’s Documents and other design documents made by(or on behalf of) the Contractor.由承包商（或以其名义）编制的承包商文件及其他设计文件，就当事双方而言，其版权和其他知识产权应归承包商所有。The Contractor shall be deemed (by signing the Contract) to give to the Employer a non-terminable transferable non-exclusive royalty-free licence to copy, use and communicate the Contractor’s Documents, including making and using modifications of them. This licence shall:承包商（通过签署合同）应被认为已经给予雇主一项无限期的、可转让的、不排他的、免版税的，复制、使用和传送承包商文件的许可，包括对它们做出修改和使用修改后的文件的许可。这项许可将：（a） apply throughout the actual or intended working life (whichever is longer) of the relevant parts of the Works,适用于工程相关部分的实际或预期寿命期（取较长的）；（b） entitle any person in proper possession of the relevant part of the Works to copy, use and communicate the Contractor’s Documents for the purposes of completing, operating, maintaining, altering, adjusting, repairing and demolishing the Works, and允许具有工程相关部分正当占有权的任何人，为了完成、操作、维修、更改、调整、修复和拆除工程的目的，复制、使用和传送承包商文件；（c） in the case of Contractor’s Documents which are in the form of computer programs and other software, permit their use on any computer on the Site and other places as envisaged by the Contract, including replacements of any computers supplied by the Contractor.在承包商文件是计算机程序或其他软件形式的情况下，允许它们在现场和合同中设想的其他场所的任何计算机上使用，包括对承包商提供的任何计算机进行替换。The Contractor’s Documents and other design documents made by (or on behalf of) the Contractor shall not, without the Contractor’s consent, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by (or on behalf of) the Employer for purposes other than those permitted under this Sub-Clause.未经承包商同意，雇主（或以其名义）不得在本款允许以外，为其他目的使用、复制由承包商（或以其名义）编制的承包商文件和其他设计文件，或将其传送给第三方。

1.11 Contractor’s Use of Employer’s Documents

1.11 承包商使用雇主文件

As between the Parties, the Employer shall retain the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Employer’s Requirements and other documents made by (or on behalf of) the Employer. The Contractor may, at his cost, copy, use, and obtain communication of these documents for the purposes of the Contract.

由雇主（或以其名义）编制的雇主要求以及其他文件，就当事双方而言，其版权和其他知识产权应归雇主所有。承包商因合同的目的，可自费复制、使用和传送上述文件。

They shall not, without the Employer’s consent, be copied, used or communicated to a third party by the Contractor, except as necessary for the purposes of the Contract.

除合同需要外，未经雇主同意，承包商不得使用、复制上述文件，或将其传送给第三方

1.12 Confidential Details

1.12 保密事项

The Contractor shall not be required to disclose, to the Employer, any information which the Contractor described in the Tender as being confidential. The Contractor shall disclose any other information which the Employer may reasonably require in order to verify the Contractor’s compliance with the Contract.

不得要求承包商向雇主透漏他在投标书中称为是秘密的任何信息。对雇主为了证实承包商遵守合同的情况，正当需要的其他信息，承包商应当透漏。

1.13 Compliance with Laws

1.13 遵守法律

The Contractor shall, in performing the Contract, comply with applicable Laws. Unless otherwise stated in the Particular Conditions:

承包商在履行合同期间，应遵守适用法律。除非专用条件中另有规定：

（a） the Employer shall have obtained (or shall obtain) the planning, zoning or similar permission for the Permanent Works, and any other permissions described in the Employer’s Requirements as having been (or being) obtained by the Employer; and the Employer shall indemnify and hold the Contractor harmless against and from the consequences of any failure to do so; and

雇主应已（或将）为永久工程取得规划、区域划定、或类似的许可，以及在雇主要求中所述的雇主已（或将）取得的任何其他许可；雇主应保障并保持使承包商免受因未能完成上述工作带来的伤害；

（b） the Contractor shall give all notices, pay all taxes, duties and fees, and obtain all permits, licences and approvals, as required by the Laws in relation to the design, execution and completion of the Works and remedying of any defects; and the Contractor shall indemnify and hold the Employer harmless against and from the consequences of any failure to do so.

承包商应发出所有通知，缴纳各项税费，按照法律关于工程设计、实施和竣工、以及修补任何缺陷等方面的要求，办理并领取所需要的全部许可、执照或批准；承包商应保障并保持使雇主免受因未能完成上述工作带来的伤害。

1.14 Joint and Several Liability

1.14 共同的和各自的责任

If the Contractor constitutes (under applicable Laws) a joint venture, consortium or other unincorporated grouping of two or more persons:

如果承包商是由两个或两个以上当事人（依照适用法律）组成的联营体、联合体，或其他未立案的组合：

（a） these persons shall be deemed to be jointly and severally liable to the Employer for the performance of the Contract;

这些当事人应被认为在履行合同上对雇主负有共同的和各自的责任。

（b） these persons shall notify the Employer of their leader who shall have authority to bind the Contractor and each of these persons; and

这些当事人应将有权约束承包商及每个当事人的负责人通知雇主。

（c） the Contractor shall not alter it’s composition or legal status without the prior consent of the Employer.

未经雇主事先同意，承包商不得改变其组成或法律地位。